TY - JOUR
T1 - Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3
T2 - A first look at the Los Angeles megacity
AU - Kiel, Matthäus
AU - Eldering, Annmarie
AU - Roten, Dustin D.
AU - Lin, John C.
AU - Feng, Sha
AU - Lei, Ruixue
AU - Lauvaux, Thomas
AU - Oda, Tomohiro
AU - Roehl, Coleen M.
AU - Blavier, Jean Francois
AU - Iraci, Laura T.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Paul O. Wennberg for contributions, guidance, and support of the Caltech TCCON measurements. We thank James Podolske for contributions and technical support of the AFRC TCCON instrument. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [prime contract number 80NM0018D0004]. D.D.R. and J.C.L. were supported by the NASA base grant no. 80NSSC19K0196. S.F. and R.L. have been funded jointly by the NASA grant no. 80NSSC18K1313 (subcontracted from the Universities Space Research Association #05783–01 to Penn State). T.L. was supported by the French research program Make Our Planet Great Again (Project CIUDAD). T.O. was supported by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (grant no. NNX14AM76G) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory mission (grant no. 80NSSC18K1313). C.M.R. was supported by NASA's Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems research program (grant no. NNX17AE15G). Sentinel-5 Precursor is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission on behalf of the European Commission (EC). The TROPOMI payload is a joint development by ESA and the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). The Sentinel-5 Precursor ground-segment development has been funded by ESA and with national contributions from the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2019–2020.
Funding Information:
We thank Paul O. Wennberg for contributions, guidance, and support of the Caltech TCCON measurements. We thank James Podolske for contributions and technical support of the AFRC TCCON instrument. Part of the research described in this paper was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [prime contract number 80NM0018D0004]. D.D.R. and J.C.L. were supported by the NASA base grant no. 80NSSC19K0196 . S.F. and R.L. have been funded jointly by the NASA grant no. 80NSSC18K1313 (subcontracted from the Universities Space Research Association #05783–01 to Penn State). T.L. was supported by the French research program Make Our Planet Great Again (Project CIUDAD). T.O. was supported by the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program (grant no. NNX14AM76G ) and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory mission (grant no. 80NSSC18K1313). C.M.R. was supported by NASA 's Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems research program (grant no. NNX17AE15G ). Sentinel-5 Precursor is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission on behalf of the European Commission (EC). The TROPOMI payload is a joint development by ESA and the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). The Sentinel-5 Precursor ground-segment development has been funded by ESA and with national contributions from the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2019–2020.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was designed to support the quantification and monitoring of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Its Snapshot Area Map (SAM) and target mode measurements provide an innovative dataset for carbon studies on sub-city scales. Unlike any other current space-based instrument, OCO-3 has the ability to scan large contiguous areas of emission hot spots like cities, power plants, and volcanoes. These measurements result in dense, fine-scale spatial maps of column averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2). For the first time, we present and analyze XCO2 distributions over the Los Angeles megacity (LA) derived from OCO-3 SAM and target mode observations. Urban XCO2 enhancements range from 0 − 6 ppm (median enhancements ≃ 2 ppm) relative to a clean background and show excellent agreement with nearby ground-based TCCON measurements of XCO2. OCO-3's dense observations reveal intra-urban variations of XCO2 over the city that have never been observed from space before. The spatial variations are mainly driven by the complex fossil fuel emission patterns and meteorological conditions in the LA Basin and are in good agreement with those from co-located TROPOMI measurements of co-emitted NO2. Differences between measured and simulated XCO2 enhancements from two models (WRF-Chem and X-STILT) are typically below 1 ppm with larger differences for some sub regions. Both models capture the observed intra-urban XCO2 gradients. Further, OCO-3's multi-swath measurements capture about three times as much of the city emissions compared to single-swath overpasses. OCO-3's frequent target and SAM mode observations will pave the way to constrain urban emissions at finer, sub-city scales.
AB - NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was designed to support the quantification and monitoring of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Its Snapshot Area Map (SAM) and target mode measurements provide an innovative dataset for carbon studies on sub-city scales. Unlike any other current space-based instrument, OCO-3 has the ability to scan large contiguous areas of emission hot spots like cities, power plants, and volcanoes. These measurements result in dense, fine-scale spatial maps of column averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2). For the first time, we present and analyze XCO2 distributions over the Los Angeles megacity (LA) derived from OCO-3 SAM and target mode observations. Urban XCO2 enhancements range from 0 − 6 ppm (median enhancements ≃ 2 ppm) relative to a clean background and show excellent agreement with nearby ground-based TCCON measurements of XCO2. OCO-3's dense observations reveal intra-urban variations of XCO2 over the city that have never been observed from space before. The spatial variations are mainly driven by the complex fossil fuel emission patterns and meteorological conditions in the LA Basin and are in good agreement with those from co-located TROPOMI measurements of co-emitted NO2. Differences between measured and simulated XCO2 enhancements from two models (WRF-Chem and X-STILT) are typically below 1 ppm with larger differences for some sub regions. Both models capture the observed intra-urban XCO2 gradients. Further, OCO-3's multi-swath measurements capture about three times as much of the city emissions compared to single-swath overpasses. OCO-3's frequent target and SAM mode observations will pave the way to constrain urban emissions at finer, sub-city scales.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112314
DO - 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112314
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85101663033
SN - 0034-4257
VL - 258
JO - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF - Remote Sensing of Environment
M1 - 112314
ER -