Vesicoureteral reflux

VUR is diagnosed commonly following a UTI. The key to diagnosis is to maintain an adequate index of suspicion for a UTI. A VCUG or RNC is required to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of management is to prevent renal parenchymal injury, although many patients have renal scarring at the time of diagnosis. Continuous antibiotic chemoprophylaxis is the cornerstone of VUR management. Many patients who have low- or moderate-grade reflux experience spontaneous resolution with antibiotic chemoprophylaxis. Surgery may be required in patients who have grade V reflux, persistent high-grade reflux, or febrile breakthrough infections or who are not compliant with medications.